an evaluative event in which a positive evaluative judgment about a proposition expressed by the complement of the wishing event is made, and there is a negative epistemic stance by the speaker toward the proposition. Example: in Jill wishes that Joe had won the election, the wishing predicate wishes expresses Jill's evaluation of Joe's winning the election, and also presupposes that the speaker believes that Joe didn't win the election. (Section 18.2.2)