the semantic relation in a conditional, causal, concessive, or conditional concessive construction that expresses an epistemic inferential relation between two propositions. Example: in If Professor Smith's door is closed, then she is not on campus, there is an epistemic causal relation between the fact that Professor Smith's office door is closed and the inference that she is not on campus. An epistemic causal relation contrasts with a content causal relation and a speech act causal relation. (Section 17.3.1)