a strategy for polarity question constructions which consists of a word or phrase added to the clause, functioning to signal that the clause expresses a polarity question. Example: in the Russian polarity question Ty ego slyšal, pravda? [lit. 'You heard him, true?'], pravda 'true?' is the tag. Tags typically make the polarity question into a biased question, unlike a simple interrogative marker. (Section 12.3.2)