a strategy used in the stative complex predicate construction in which the manner (more generally, stative) component is expressed like an adjective ( property - modifier) in an argument phrase that does not index an argument of the event - predicate in the complex predicate construction. Example: in Manchu sargan jui hocikon ucule-he 'The girl sang beautifully', hocikon 'beautifully' does not index sargan jui 'girl'. (Section 14.2)