a construction in which there is reference to an individual and a group associated with that individual. Attention has been focused on the associative construction strategy in which an index refers to not just the referent expressed in a referring phrase in the same construction, but also a group associated with that referent. Example: in the Talitsk dialect of Russian, in Góša pr´ijéxal´i! 'Gosha and his family have arrived!' the plural predicate pr´ijéxal´i 'they have arrived', combined with the referring phrase Góša 'Gosha', expresses that the subject referent is Gosha plus an associated group – namely, his family. (Section 4.4.4)