the strategy of recruiting what was originally the action - predication - construction for nonprototypical predication. It is presumed that an originally action predication construction lacks an auxiliary, and it expresses certain grammatical categories, in particular person indexation and negation. Example: Nahuatl ni-ti:citl [1sg-doctor] 'I am a doctor' recruits the action predication construction for object - predication; cf. ni-cho:ca [1sg-cry] 'I am crying'. (Section 10.2)