a fixed-case strategy in comparative constructions in which there are two predicates, one which attributes a gradable predicative scale to the comparee, and another which asserts that the comparee exceeds the standard on that scale. Example: Swahili mti huu ni mrefu ku-shinda ule 'This tree is taller than that (tree)' is an instance of the exceed comparative: the first part mti huu ni mrefu 'this tree is big' attributes a degree of height to this tree, and the second part ku-shinda ule 'exceed [inf] that (tree)' asserts that this tree exceeds that tree in height. (Section 17.2.2)