a derived-case strategy for equative constructions which consists of a matrix clause which expresses that the gradable predicative scale applies to the comparee, and a dependent clause expressing that the same scale applies to the standard. The dependent clause is in the form of a particle acting as a conjunction, and the argument phrase expressing the standard; the zero copula strategy is used for predicate identity. Example: Chechen aħa döšu as sanna 'You read like I [do]' is an instance of the particle equative strategy: the matrix clause aħa döšu 'You read' predicates the scale of the comparee; the particle sanna 'like' introduces the standand as 'I', which is in the same case as the comparee (the Ergative). (Section 17.2.4)